Title IX: Empowerment Through Education
  • Title
  • Home
  • Historical Context
    • Prior Conditions
    • Road to Title IX
  • Revolution
    • Important Players
    • Breadth of Title IX
  • Reaction
    • The 1970's
    • The 1980's
    • The 1990's
    • The 21st century
  • Reform
    • Higher Education
    • Athletics>
      • Athletic Opportunities
      • Women in Coaching
      • Promoting Athletics
    • Perceptions of Women
    • Sex Discrimination
    • World Impact
  • So What
    • Future
  • Conclusion
  • Political Cartoons
  • Research
    • Process Paper
    • Annotated Bibliography
    • Interview Transcripts>
      • Billie Jean King
      • Donna Lopiano
      • Carrie Lukas
      • Tom Osborne
      • Arne Duncan
      • Bernice Sandler

The 21st Century

"Title IX has been in existence long enough that it has become the norm." 
- JoyLynn Occhiuzzi, Title IX Coordinator, Round Rock ISD, TX, 2011
Title IX became part of the school landscape but the enforcement of Title IX varied between administrations. With acceptance came wider use of the law: boys started using Title IX for protection in sexual harassment cases. Title IX continued to evoke differing reactions from men's and women's interest groups.

Weak enforcement

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"...the Bush administration ... gave colleges new ways to show that they are complying with Title IX. By making it easier to use surveys to show that women's interests in athletics are being met, the department made it easier for colleges to comply with the law while offering more sports opportunities to men than to women."  
Source: Changes the Rules, March 22, 2005, Inside Higher Ed


Strong Enforcement

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"The action we are taking today to strengthen Title IX" - Arne Duncan, U.S. Secretary of Education , Apr 21st, 2010, George Washington University

Broader Scope and Acceptance

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"...One of the things that is actually happening ... is that boys are filing Title IX complaints particularly about sexual harassment..."
Source:  Interview, Lisa Maatz, Director of Public Policy and Government Relations, AAUW, Jan 2012
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"Diane Milutinovich is the only one of the three women to reach a settlement with Fresno State after being terminated, as she believes, for advocating Title IX standards."
Source: Title IX Q&A with Karen Moe Humpreys,

USA Today, May 13, 2008
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"What Do Americans See in Title IX's Future?", Gallup Poll, 24 Apr, 2003

What about boys? 


" 'You go girl,'  and they went. We celebrate the ascension of women but what will we do about what appears to be the very real decline of the other sex?
"
                      
Source: William Bennett, former United States Secretary of Education, Author, The Book of Man, CNN, October 4 2011

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