Title IX: Empowerment Through Education
  • Title
  • Home
  • Historical Context
    • Prior Conditions
    • Road to Title IX
  • Revolution
    • Important Players
    • Breadth of Title IX
  • Reaction
    • The 1970's
    • The 1980's
    • The 1990's
    • The 21st century
  • Reform
    • Higher Education
    • Athletics>
      • Athletic Opportunities
      • Women in Coaching
      • Promoting Athletics
    • Perceptions of Women
    • Sex Discrimination
    • World Impact
  • So What
    • Future
  • Conclusion
  • Political Cartoons
  • Research
    • Process Paper
    • Annotated Bibliography
    • Interview Transcripts>
      • Billie Jean King
      • Donna Lopiano
      • Carrie Lukas
      • Tom Osborne
      • Arne Duncan
      • Bernice Sandler

The 1990's

"...a generation of girls had to grow up under Title IX for the law to make a big difference."
- The New York Times, 2009
Though opposition still continued, the 1990's saw the beginning of acceptance of the social change. Women celebrated their participation in sports, yet critics argued that men's athletic programs were cut and quotas were being imposed due to Title IX compliance.

Against Quotas

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"There's no question that Title IX should be enforced across the board as an anti-discrimination law. But what we saw under Clinton was this quota approach that demands equal results in areas like sports and even areas like testing. " 
- Jessica Gavora, Author, "Tilting the Playing Field: Schools, Sex and Title IX", 5/7/02


" I think it has contributed to the problems in college -- the quota mentality rather than real learning and opportunity."
- Carrie Lukas, Director of Policy for the Independent Women's Forum,  May 8, 2012
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Women celebrate, Men complain

_"But while women have been making giant strides, hundreds of men's teams have been eliminated -- and the men say that also trails back to Title IX."  - The battle over Title IX, CBS 60 minutes, February 9, 2009

Celebration


"New Frontiers Await the Next Title IX Generation"
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Source: "New Frontiers Await the Next Title IX Generation", The New York Times, Feb. 7th, 2009

Complaints


Go to "The 21st century" page
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